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All Journal Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Agrohorti Bulletin (e-Journal) Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Winarso Drajad Widodo
Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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KARAKTER FISIK DAN KIMIA BUAH PEPAYA PADA STADIA KEMATANGAN BERBEDA Suketi, Ketty; Poerwanto, Roedhy; Sujiprihati, Sriani; Sobir, ,; Widodo, Winarso Drajad
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 38 No. 1 (2010): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (153.04 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v38i1.1678

Abstract

The objective of the experiment was to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of three stadia of maturity based on a range of peel color from green to yellow or based on percentage of the yellow area of fruit peel (stadium 1 = 25-49 % yellow, stadium 2 = 50-74 % yellow, and stadium 3 = above 75 % yellow) on six genotypes of papaya. Each genotype exhibited different days to maturity for each stadium. The fruits of stadium 1, 2 and 3 for IPB 1 were picked at 130, 135, and 140 days after anthesis (DAA); IPB 10A at 160, 165, and 170 DAA;  IPB 1 x PB 174 at 135, 140 and 145 DAA; while PB 174,  IPB 1 x IPB 10A and IPB 10A x PB 174 were picked at 140, 145 and 150 DAA, respectively. The results indicated that peel firmness was affected by maturity stage on female fruit of IPB 10A. Maturity stage affected chemical characteristics of papaya included total soluble solids (TSS) content (IPB 10A, female fruit of  PB 174, female fruit of IPB 1 x IPB 10A, and female fruit of IPB 1 x PB 174), vitamin C content (hermaphrodite fruit of 10 A, female fruit of IPB 1 x IPB 10A) and juice pH (hermaphrodite fruit of  IPB 1).  IPB 1 genotype can be harvested at all stadia of maturity stage. Hermaphrodite and female fruit of IPB 10 A, female fruit of  PB 174, female fruit of  IPB 1 x IPB 10A and female fruit of IPB 1 x  PB 174 genotype would be better harvested at stadium 3 of maturity stage.   Keywords: Carica papaya, papaya genotype, hermaphrodite fruit, female fruit, fruit quality, fruit maturity stage
THE FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF AMBON FOREST NUTMEG (MYRISTICA FATUA HOUTT) AND BANDA NUTMEG (MYRISTICA FRAGRANS HOUTT) Karmanah, Karmanah; Susanto, Slamet; Widodo, Winarso Drajad; Santosa, Edi
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 25 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.25.2.292

Abstract

Ambon Forest nutmeg (Myristica fatua Houtt) is one of the endemic plants in Indonesia. The morphological characteristic of Ambon Forest nutmeg is slightly different from that of Banda nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) i.e., it is not used as spices, but its oil is used as a lamp oil. This study aimed to determine the chemical components and essential oils of Ambon Forest nutmeg derived from its seeds, mace, and flesh compared to Banda nutmeg. Extractions of essential oils were performed using a steam hydro-distillation. Analysis of chemical compositions and contents of essential oil was carried out using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) instrument and SNI 06-2388-2006 method.  The essential oil contents in Ambon Forest nutmeg were relatively low, i.e., 0.63% in the seeds, 0.30% in the mace, and 0.04% in the flesh compared to Banda nutmeg i.e., 1% in the seeds, 40% in the mace, and 3.5% in the fruit flesh. The chemical compositions of essential oils showed that M. fatua Houtt contained 12 compounds in the seeds, 24 compounds in the mace, and 17 compounds in the fruit flesh, while for Banda Nutmeg, the contents of essential oils were  found 18 compounds in the seeds, 10 compounds in the mace, and 15 compounds in the fruit flesh. M. fatua Houtt contained the highest Copaene, i.e., 28.41% in the seeds, 10.42% in the mace, and 23.33% in the fruit flesh. Myristicin, as the main marker compound of nutmeg oil, was also found in Ambon Forest nutmeg i.e., 1.3% in the seeds, 1.16% in the mace, and 5.19% in the fruit flesh. However, these results showed lower contents when compared to Banda nutmeg with Myristicin contents of 8.72% in the seeds, 10.14% in the mace, and 10.46% in the fruit flesh. Keywords: Essential oil, Myristica fatua Houtt, Myristica fragrans Houtt, Nutmeg
PENINGKATAN PEMBUNGAAN DAN HASIL BIJI BAWANG MERAH VARIETAS BIMA MELALUI VERNALISASI DAN APLIKASI GA3 Fahrianty, Dian; Poerwanto, Roedhy; Widodo, Winarso Drajad; Palupi, Endah Retno
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 25 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.25.2.245

Abstract

The low production of true seed of shallot (TSS) is mostly caused by a low flowering rate. The research was aimed to increase the flowering rate and seed yield in lowland (240 masl) and highlands (1250 masl) by vernalization and submersion of the seed bulbs in GA3 before planting. The research was arranged in a completely randomized block design with 2 factors and replicated four times. The first factor was vernalization, i.e. without and with vernalization at 10±2°C for 30 days, and the second factor was the submersion of the seed bulbs following vernalization in GA3 at the concentrations of 0, 100, and 200 ppm for 1 h. Parameters measured were time of 50% flowering (days after planting), percentage of flowering plants, number of umbel per plant, number of floret per umbel, fruitset, seed weight per umbel and per plant, as well as the percentage of seed germination. The result suggested that when production of TSS of var. Bima is to be carried out in the lowland then the seed bulbs had to be vernalized at 10±2°C for 30 days which will increase the flowering percentage and seed yield. If the production of TSS is to be carried out in the highland then vernalization at 10±2°C for 30 days will increase the flowering percentage and seed yield. However, if for any reason vernalization is impossible to proceed then the submersion of the seed bulbs in 100 ppm GA3 for 1 h was sufficient to increase the flowering percentage and seed yield. The produced seeds (TSS) either in the low as well as in the highlands had high germination percentages. Keywords: germination, highland, lowland, umbel, true seed of shallot
PEMBENTUKAN EMBRIO ENDOSPERMIK SEKUNDER MANGGA (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) GEDONG GINCU KLON 289 Hindaningrum, Irni Furnawanthi; Wiendi, Ni Made Armini; Widodo, Winarso Drajad
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 42 No. 2 (2014): Jurnal agronomi indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (454.889 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v42i2.8434

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe improvement of Mangifera indica L. by conventional breeding approaches has been confounded by the long generation cycle, low fruit set, single seed per fruit and high degree of cross pollination. Biotechnology complements conventional breeding and expedite the mango improvement programs. Endosperm culture is a direct method to produce triploid plants. This study aimed  to obtain embryo from endosperm culture. The system of secondary somatic embriogenesis in mango described here represents a source of embryogenic material may be used for mass propagation and genetic manipulation of this crop. The method consisted of induction, proliferation, maturation, germination, and histological analysis of the obtaimed embryos. A protocol for plantlet regeneration was developed for Gedong Gincu mango clone 289 through secondary somatic embryogenesis. Primary somatic embryos (proembryo and cotyledonary embryos) were cultured in induction medium to induce the secondary somatic embryos. The best proliferation rate was 0.22 in medium with 1 g L-1 Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) for multiplication of secondary somatic embryos. Maturation of inoculum derived from the proliferation medium supplemented with 2 g L-1 of activated charcoal on medium containing 0.4 mg L-1 BAP provides the average 2.39 embryo formation of cotyledonari phase. The highest germination frequency (20%) was obtained in media with GA3 1.5 mg L-1.Keywords: endosperm, Gedong Gincu, Mangifera indica L, secondary endospermic embrio
PENGGUNAAN KALIUM PERMANGANAT SEBAGAI OKSIDAN ETILEN UNTUK MEMPERPANJANG DAYA SIMPAN PISANG RAJA BULU Arista, Mei Lianti; Widodo, Winarso Drajad; Suketi, Ketty
Buletin Agrohorti Vol. 5 No. 3 (2017): Buletin Agrohorti
Publisher : Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (134.62 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/agrob.5.3.334-341

Abstract

Pisang merupakan buah klimakterik dengan laju respirasi yang meningkat. Peningkatan laju respirasi selama proses pematangan dipicu oleh emisi etilen secara autokatalitik. Laju respirasi pisang dapat dihambat dengan menonaktifkan etilen dengan menggunakan perlakuan kimiawi, salah satunya dengan penggunaan KMnO4. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari penghambatan laju respirasi pisang Raja Bulu selama penyimpanan menggunakan KMnO4 dan memperoleh konsentrasi KMnO4 untuk memperpanjang daya simpan pisang Raja Bulu. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 1 bulan mulai dari Februari sampai Maret 2013 di Laboratorium Pascapanen, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, yaitu KMnO4 7.5%, 15%, 22.5%, dan kontrol (tanpa KMnO4). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji F dan perlakuan yang mempengaruhi dianalisis dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Parameter yang diukur adalah laju respirasi, indeks skala warna kulit buah, umur simpan, susut bobot, edible part, kekerasan kulit buah, padatan terlarut total, asam tertitrasi total, dan kandungan vitamin C. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan KMnO4 7.5%, 15%, dan 22.5% dapat menghambat laju respirasi pisang selama penyimpanan sehingga menunda puncak klimakterik pisang Raja Bulu 1-2 hari dibandingkan kontrol. Penggunaan KMnO4 7.5%, 15%, dan 22.5% tidak mempengaruhi kualitas fisik dan kimia pisang Raja Bulu.
EFEKTIVITAS PUPUK HAYATI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CAISIN (BRASSICA CHINENSIS L.) Cahyadi, Dedi; Widodo, Winarso Drajad
Buletin Agrohorti Vol. 5 No. 3 (2017): Buletin Agrohorti
Publisher : Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (128.581 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/agrob.5.3.292-300

Abstract

Lahan pertanian Indonesia yang terdegradasi mengakibatkan menurunnya produktivitas sayuran. Salah satu penyebabnya yaitu penggunaan pupuk anorganik tanpa pengembalian sisa tanaman dan bahan organik ke dalam tanah. Perlunya usaha dan strategi yang sesuai untuk meningkatkan kualitas lahan, serta mempertahankan kesuburan dan kesehatan tanah dengan pemanfaatan pupuk hayati. Pupuk biologi adalah produk biologi yang aktif memproduksi berdasarkan mikroba-mikroba yang dapat meningkatkan keefisienan pemupukan, kesuburan dan kesehatan tanah. Pemanfaatan dari pupuk hayati diharapkan dapat menumbuhkan tanaman yang lebih sehat, bebas dari hama dan penyakit, produksi yang tinggi, ramah lingkungan, berkelanjutan dan dapat mereduksi pupuk anorganik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk hayati pada pertumbuhan dan hasil caisin di lapangan yang dilakukan di Leuwikopo, Darmaga, Bogor Indonesia pada Februari hingga April 2011. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dengan 7 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang dimkasud yaitu tanpa pupuk hayati dan NPK (P0), 1 dosis NPK (P1), Biofertilizer + 1 dosis NPK (P2), biofertilizer + 0.75 dosis NPK (P3), biofertilizer + 0.5 dosis NPK (P4), biofertilizer + 0.25 dosis NPK (P5) dan biofertilizer (P6). Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan pupuk hayati tidak dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman caisin yang diukur seperti tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan panjang akar. Kombinasi pupuk hayati dengan 0.5 hingga 1 dosis NPK mampu memproduksi berat basah tajuk tanaman dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan NPK saja. Dengan demikian, penggunaan pupuk hayati dapat mengurangi penggunaan pupuk anorganik urea, SP-36 dan KCL sebesar 50%.
PENGARUH PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA TERHADAP BIBIT DAN PERTUMBUHAN AWAL PEPAYA Nasib, Samson Bin; Suketi, Ketty; Widodo, Winarso Drajad
Buletin Agrohorti Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016): Buletin Agrohorti
Publisher : Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (188.55 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/agrob.4.1.63-69

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PGPR pada bibit dan pertumbuhan awal pepaya. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai Mei 2015 di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika IPB Pasirkuda Ciomas, Bogor, dengan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak 2 faktor dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah konsentrasi larutan PGPR (5 ml L-1, 10 ml L-1 dan 15 ml L-1) dan lama perendaman PGPR (30 menit, 60 menit,90 menit dan 120 menit). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji F dan perlakuan berpengaruh dianalisis dengan DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf selang kepercayaan 5%. Hasil penelitian di polybag menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan PGPR, lama perendaman PGPR dan interaksi antara konsentrasi PGPR dengan lama perendaman PGPR mempengaruhi jumlah daun dan diameter batang di fase pembibitan. Hasil penelitian di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan PGPR, lama perendaman PGPR dan interaksi antara konsentrasi PGPR dengan lama perendaman PGPR tidak mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang petiol, lebar daun, panjang daun, waktu bunga pertama muncul, tinggi kedudukkan bunga, jumlah pohon betina, jumlah pohon hermaprodit, jumlah bunga betina dan jumlah bunga hermaprodit. Konsentrasi PGPR mempengaruhi panjang petiol pada 5 minggu setelah tanam.
PERTUMBUHAN JINTAN HITAM (NIGELLA SATIVA L.) PADA TINGKAT NAUNGAN DAN PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN YANG BERBEDA Setiawati, Evi; Kurniawati, Ani; Widodo, Winarso Drajad; Faridah, dan Didah Nur
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 46 No. 2 (2018): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (348.404 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v46i2.16722

Abstract

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is an introduced medicinal plant therefore requires investigations to establish recommended cultivation procedure in tropical areas. Black cumin seeds contain a various bioactive compounds not only for culinary but also for medicinal purposes. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen rates and shade levels on growth of Black cumin. The activity was carried out in Pasir Sarongge experimental station, Cianjur, West Java (1,117 masl). The research was arranged in nested design with three replications.  Nitrogen rates was nested within shading levels. The shading levels consist of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% which resulted in light intensity of 27,800, 17,400, 11,900, and 1,600 lux respectively. The Nitrogen rates consisted 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1. The results showed that shading up to 50% did not affect plant growth and did not reduce seed production. However, shading up to 75% prolong the vegetative period, decreased leaf thickness and plant dry weight. The higher the shading level up to 50%, the higher the plant height, leaf area, number of leaves and number of flower, but not number of branche. Nitrogen fertilizer 60 kg ha-1 increased number of blooming flower and number of capsule set.
PEMANFAATAN PUPUK MAJEMUK SEBAGAI SUMBER HARA BUDIDAYA TOMAT SECARA HIDROPONIK Kusumawardhani, Amalia; Widodo, Winarso Drajad
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 31 No. 1 (2003): Buletin Agronomi
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (41.816 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v31i1.1525

Abstract

The objective of this research was to know the effect of compound fertilizer as nutrient source for hydroponics tomatoes. This experiment was conducted from Mei to September 2002, at Cikabayan Experiment Station of The Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agriculture Institut (IPB). The compound fertilizers used were Grow More, Gandapan, Hyponex, and Joro AB mix as control. Experimental design used was Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results of this experiment indicated that Joro and Gandapan have the greatest effect for vegetatif phase. There was no significant difference between control (Joro) and the treatments (Grow More, Gandapan, and Hyponex) in number of flower, fruit set, fruit weight, and bad fruit weight, fruit quality, percent total solid. This indicated that the fertilizers could be used as nutrient source for tomato cultured in hydroponics.  Key words : Hydroponic, Multi fertilizer, Vegetatif, Generative phase.
ANTIBIOTIK SEBAGAI INDUKTOR BUAH TANPA BIJI PADA ANGGUR Widodo, Winarso Drajad
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 28 No. 1 (2000): Buletin Agronomi
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (531.685 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v28i1.1555

Abstract

Four kinds of antibiotics were examined, viz. streptomycin (SM) and gentamicin (GM) as bactericidal antibiotica and tetracycline (TC) and spectinomycin (SE) as bacteriostatical antibiotics. Kyoho an Pione (tetraploid hybris cultivars) were used as the plant materials. Among the four antibiotics, SM and SE were effective to induce seedlessness in Muscat of Alexandria (MOA) and less effective for Kyoho and Pione. The seedless induction effect of SM and SE seemed not to be affected by their mode of action. Using the four cultivars, Kyoho, Pione, MOA, and Neo Muscat (NM), either SM or SE most effective to induce seedlessness when applied 3 days before full bloom. The ineffectiveness of antibiotics for Kyoho and Pione was indicated by the higher percentage of empty-seeded berries in these cultivars compared to MOA and Nm. Since there was no normal seed in the antibiotic-treated berries, this phenomenon indicated that the outer parts of the tetraploid ovules were more resistant to antibiotic treatments than those of diploid ovules.   Key word: Grape, Seedless, Antibiotics
Co-Authors , Sobir Amalia Kusumawardhani Ani Kurniawati Arista, Mei Lianti Arista, Mei Lianti Dedi Cahyadi Edi Santosa Endah Retno Palupi Evi Setiawati Fahrianty, Dian Faridah, dan Didah Nur Irni Furnawanthi Hindaningrum Karmanah, Karmanah Ketty Suketi Mukdisari, Yurisqi Nasib, Samson Bin Nasib, Samson Bin Ni Made Armini Wiendi Rahardjo, Rizky Rahardjo, Rizky ROEDHY POERWANTO Slamet Susanto SRIANI SUJIPRIHATI Yurihastuti, Septy Yurihastuti, Septy