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3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management

3bio
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Published by Institut Teknologi Bandung

ISSN : - EISSN : 26558777 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5614%2F3bio.2020.2.1

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience

3Bio: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed journal in a wide aspect related to the field of life sciences and other related fields of study. The journal aims to promote scientific discourse and disseminate research on various branches and applications of bio-science, biotechnology and bio-based management. This journal invites original empirical research, literature reviews, theoretical or methodological contributions, or short communications on, but not limited to, the following topics: - Ecology and Biosystematics - Microbiology - Genetics and Molecular Biology - Animal Development and Physiology - Plant Development and Physiology - Entomology - Biomedical science - Biochemistry - Agronomy - Forestry - Bioengineering - Bioethics - Management of Biological Resources The journal also invites contributions from other associated disciplines. This journal is an open-access journal. Readers may read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles without any charge, provided that readers acknowledge the Creative Commons attached to the articles. All submitted papers are reviewed by at least two referees before being accepted for publication, following a double-blind review process. This journal is delivered in an academic English and rigorously edited to provide a quality standard of a scientific journal. This journal is managed by the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 11 Documents

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GOVERNMENT POLICY STATEMENTS RELATED TO RICE PROBLEMS IN INDONESIA: REVIEW Silalahi, Nico Harro; Yudha, Rizdha Okkianty; Dwiyanti, Evita Izza; Zulvianita, Desiana; Feranti, Salsabilla Nur; Yustiana, Yooce
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol 1, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Rice policy is an important element in food security. In its control, the government regulates food management through Logistics Affairs Agency of Indonesia (Bulog). This research aimed to examine government policy related to rice problem in Indonesia using descriptive qualitative analysis method through literature study. The policy of fulfillment of rice needs in Indonesia has been done since the beginning of independence until now. The high demand of the Indonesian people on rice commodities caused fluctuations in rice availability which had an impact on the unstable price, plus the unavailability of enough land to increase domestic rice productivity. Rice import activities are being undertaken from several neighboring countries to address the problem, with the largest number of imports occurring in 2011 over the last 15 years, and the least imports occurring in 2005. The government through Bulog controls the stability of rice stocks and prices for producers through basic price instruments, marketing, rice distribution (post-production), and the supply of staples at the consumer level. In addition, the government through the Community Food Business Development (PUPM) launched the Indonesian Farmer Shop (TTI) program that sells foodstuffs, including rice, at low prices. This program is created as a form of solution to the high price of food demand in Indonesia as a result of the length of the supply chain so the food supply system becomes inefficient. The government has also set the highest retail price policy (HET) and cost of goods sold (HPP) as an effort to stabilize the price of major food commodities in Indonesia, including rice. In the application of HET and HPP values have undergone some changes but still can not achieve price stabilization and improve the economy of farmers, especially small farmers. It is advisable that government policies related to HET and HPP through the Regulation of the Minister of Trade should pay attention for actual price fluctuations and should be distinguished based on the quality of rice, so that price stabilization and the desire to promote farmers in Indonesia can be realized.

A COMPARISON OF ALKALI AND BIOLOGICAL PRETREATMENT METHODS IN NAPIER GRASS (PENNISETUM PURPUREUM SCUMACH.) FOR REDUCING LIGNIN CONTENT IN THE BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS Taufikurahman, T; Delimanto, Wendo Obert
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol 2, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Napier grass is one of lignocellulosic plants that has the potential to be converted as bioethanol due to high productivity and relatively fast harvesting time. However, the problems of processing lignocellulosic plants into bioethanol are the high lignin content and the different lignin structure of each plant. Lignin can inhibit biological agents in accessing cellulose and hemicellulose. Therefore, it is necessary to select and optimize the pretreatment process with the aim of degrading lignin and maintaining the value of the cellulose. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two different pretreatments (biological and alkaline) in degrading lignin. For the alkali pretreatment, lime (Ca(OH)2) was added to the Napier grass substrate using concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 grams/gram, which was then incubated at 23-25 oC each within 6, 24, and 96 hours period. For biological pretreatment, Aspergillus niger spore was used as an agent, which was incubated onto the Napier grass substrate using concentrations of 106, 107, and 108 cells/mL, an optimal temperature of 35oC and within 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days period. As a comparison, Phanerochaete chrysosporium was also incubated using a concentration of 106 a temperature of 35 oC within 28 days period. The extracted Napier grass was then analyzed for lignocellulose content, which included hot water soluble, Hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and ash, using Chesson-Datta method and reducing sugar test. Comparison of biological pretreatment between Aspergillus niger and Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed that Aspergillus niger was better at degrading lignin, with a lignin-to-cellulose ratio of 24.3%, smaller than Phanerochaete chrysosporium at 30.645%. This ratio was furthermore compared with the ratio resulting from Alkali pretreatment, which showed that the former was proven to be more optimum.

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF RICE CONSUMPTION PATTERN IN WEST JAVA Pratama, Mochammad Fikry; Saputri, Syaima Rima; Nursyamsi, Lydia; Fariha, Ika Nur; Myrilla, Nadya; Mulya, Lutfi Dwi; Yustiana, Yooce
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol 1, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

West Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia where the staple food is rice. The high ability of rice provisioning and the government?s encouragement through the policy of uniformed staple food gave a negative impact on rice consumption patterns of West Java population. This pattern of consumption will become a problem when faced with the fact that the rice production area has declined (0.67% per year) and the population increased (1.41% per year). Based on projection of production and needs of rice, it is predicted that West Java will experience shortages in 2040. Therefore this research aimed to discuss efforts to prevent rice dependency problem. The entire study used case study approach. By using secondary data, basically the government has made many efforts to resolve the problems. In fact, there are some obstacles and the mismatch on results. Therefore the alternative solutions are: a). diversification efforts with rice commodity substitution based on geographical location, b). socialization, c). rice price policy, and c). improved education and economics.

TECHNOLOGY ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN LEVEL PRODUCERS RICE IN WEST JAVA Liesdiana, Firda; Laksemi, Ni Putu Sekar Trisnaning; Fachria, Rizqy; Nursaadah, Salma; Hoesen, Yanyan Ahmad; I'lanul A.A., Zamzam; Yustiana, Yooce
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol 1, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Climate change has a negative impact on rice production in Indonesia. This research was conducted to identify problems caused by climate change on agriculture, identify the technology to address climate change, and analyze the technological adaptation to encounter the climate change problems in West Java. Problems arising from climate change include increasing air temperature, rainy season shift, and prolonged drought. The impact of climate change on agricultural land in West Java is prolonged drought and land degradation. The most appropriate technology to be applied in West Java in order to address climate change is System of Rice Intensification (SRI). SRI rice cultivation can save water up to 30% compared to conventional cultivation, so it can be applied when the water resources was limited. SRI method that has been applied in West Java shows that organic rice farming produces more rice than inorganic farming. The productivity of inorganic farming are 6.0 - 7.0 tons / ha, whereas the SRI organic farming could produce 8 - 9.2 tons / ha grain. The application of the SRI method in Cibarengkok Village, Bojong Picung, West Java produces 7-8 tons / ha of grain, while the conventional method yields 4-5 tons / ha of grain.

BIOCONVERSION OF NAPIER GRASS MIXED WITH SOYBEAN CURD RESIDUE PRODUCING BIOETHANOL THROUGH SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION AND FERMENTATION IN A SOLID STATE CULTURE Taufikurahman, T; Jessica, Jessica
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol 2, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Napier grass is a promising lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production because of its high cellulose content and high annual productivity. Converting a lignocellulosic biomass into a bioethanol usually takes two steps which resulted in a long processing time and sometimes includes the utilization of hazardous chemicals. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation in a solid-state culture using single bioconversion agent, Neurospora sitophila Shear, can reduce the overall processing time and also increase the yield of the products. The research is aimed to determine the optimum aerobic and micro-aerobic conditions that yields the highest enzyme activity and bioethanol concentration from the mixture of Napier grass and soybean curd residue. The saccharification and fermentation process was conducted in the laboratory using an incubator at 33oC. The cellulase enzyme activity was calculated as FPAse. The highest activity achieved was 0.538 filter paper unit with the optimum mass ratio of Napier grass to soybean curd residue was 1:1 on the second day of cultivation period. The fermentation process was conducted aerobically for two days and then followed by six days of micro-aerobic fermentation, resulting in the highest bioethanol yield of 2.12% (w/w) at the end of the culture period. The optimum mass ratio was found to be 9:1. This study shows that Napier grass and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation method has a great potential for cellulase and bioethanol production, but further improvement on the micro-aerobic system is needed to maximize the bioethanol yield.

CHEMICAL CONTENT IN TWO TEAK WOODS (TECTONA GRANDIS LINN.F.) THAT HAS BEEN USED FOR 2 YEARS AND 60 YEARS Rosamah, Enih; Ferliyanti, Fera; Kuspradini, Harlinda; Dungani, Rudi; Aditiawati, Pingkan
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol 2, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Teak (Tectona grandis Linn F.) is classified as luxury wood and belongs to the durable wood, resistant to termite and fungal attacks. The purposes of this study were to analyze and compare the chemical content and bioactive compound of teak (T. grandis Linn F.) from Sumedang, West Java based on age of use. This study used teak woods of 2 and 60 years of use. The chemical components analyzed by determination of lignin, extractives, and ash content. Phytochemical compounds were analyzed by color changing of crude acetone extracts. The results showed that the teak wood with 2 years of use possessed lignin of 28.41%; cold water soluble extractives of 4.26%; hot water soluble extract of 5.12%; NaOH 1% soluble extractives of 19, 40; and alcohol:benzene (1:2) soluble extract of 6.21%; while ash content of 0.85%. Meanwhile teak wood after use of 60 years showed the lignin content of 29.82%; cold water extract of 1.56%; hot water extract of 2.56%; 1% NaOH soluble extract of 12.30%; alcohol:benzene (1:2) extract of 4.62%; ash content of 1.36%. The qualitative phytochemical test demonstrated both of teak wood after use of 2 years and use of 60 years contained flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, cumarins, and carbohydrates.

STUDY OF FEEDING PREFERENCE OF SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (COPTOTERMES CURVIGNATHUS HOLMGREN) ON WOOD DECAYING FUNGI Rismayadi, Yudi; Hartati, Sri; Dewi, Mustika
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol 1, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Subterranean termites, Coptotermes curvignathus (Holmgren) is the most important termite which caused economic losses is very high in Indonesia and other tropical regions. In this studies, the feeding preferences of the subterranean termite, C. curvignathus for decayed wood by some wood rotting fungus were examined to determine whether the presence of wood rotting fungus could alter the relative preference of termites for these decayed wood. The study is expected to find phagostimulant compounds for the development of termite control by baiting techniques. The results showed that, the decayed wood process by the P. ostreotus fungi higher rate of decay compared with other fungus (10.86 + 2.21%), S. commune (10.29 + 1.86%), P. chrysosporium (6.19 +1.56%) and Dacriopinac sp (5.02 + 0.95%). Meanwhile, the lowest rate of decay by the T. versicolor fungi (4.25 + 0.93%). Based on the results of this stuies the feeding preference of C. curvigntahus on decayed wood by the P. ostreatus fungi and S. commune fungi is higher than the decayed wood by other wood rotting fungus.

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF WATER HYACINTH (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART). SOLMS) AND WATER LETTUCE (PISTIA STRATIOTES L.) AS TRIVALENT CHROMIUM BIOACCUMULATOR Purnamawati, Rizka; Taufikurahman, T; Rahmawati, Andira; Putra, Chalvin Rura; Rahmatilah, Din Dzakamala Fafi; Ashgi, Findy
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol 2, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Chromium is one of the heavy metals used in industrial fields, i.e., metallurgical industry, chemical industry, heat-retardant, and leather tanning industry. Untreated wastewater from these industries can pollute rivers and threaten the aquatic ecosystem. Some aquatic plants such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) have been known as metal hyperaccumulators and can be used as phytoremediator for polluted water. This study aims to determine the physiological and morphological responses of water hyacinth and water lettuce plants treated by different concentrations of trivalent chromium and to study which plant is effective for trivalent chromium removal. The experiment was conducted for 2 week at screen house. After two weeks, the plants were harvested and the weight was measured. The samples were separated into shoot and root and were analyzed for Cr content, chlorophyll, proline and CAT enzyme activity. The results of this study indicated that the levels of water hyacinth chromium in roots and leaves are lower (863.988 mg/Kg, 899.126 mg/Kg, 685.877 mg/Kg for treatment 40 ppm, 80 ppm, and 120 ppm respectively) than the levels of chromium in water lettuce (1584.264 mg/Kg, 1660 mg/Kg, 1413 mg/Kg for treatment 40 ppm, 80 ppm, and 120 ppm respectively). Physiological parameter, i.e., chlorophyll and proline levels in water hyacinth and water lettuce from all concentration treatment did not differ significantly (P> 0.05). The activity of the catalase enzyme in water hyacinth and water lettuce decreased with increasing chromium levels. The highest catalase enzyme activity was observed in control treatment of water lettuce (1.61 unit/mg) and 40 ppm treatment of water hyacinth (1.006 unit/mg). The highest biomass dry weight of both plants was found in plants with control treatment (15.38 gr and 8.48 gr for water hyacinth and water lettuce respectively). Therefore, we concluded that water lettuce is better for trivalent chromium removal than water hyacinth.

INTEGRATED UTILIZATION OF LAND AND VEGETATION IN SECONDARY FOREST AREAS Suheri, Asep; Cahyani, Rina W.; Hardjana, Asef K.; Sulystiawati, Endah
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol 1, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Local community?s activities around Labanan forest area for specific purposes already make the area unsafe. Responding to this, land productivity optimization with agroforestry patterns might be applied in the area. Hopefully, through these systems, utilization and productivity of natural forests in Labanan forest area might be optimized in producing food, energy and water conservation, outside its regular function as forestry area. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of the land under treeing forest; generate analytical data of vegetation in the research plots; and determine carbon stocks undergrowth. The research method was soil sampling, vegetation analyzes and sampling of undergrowth plant biomass. Based on laboratory analysis result, soil pH ranging between 5-7, N Total <0.3%, P Total <49 mg P2O5.100g-1, K Total between 2-8 mg K2O.100g-1, and the organic carbon content on soil <2.1%. The vegetations dominated by cunday (Saraca declinata) as many as 43 trees/ha with basal area 21.55 m2. ha-1. The highest important value index (IVI) shown by the type of vegetation cunday (Saraca declinata) amounted to 51.43% and the lowest was shown by bintangur (Callophyllum sp) amounted to 2.89%. Stock carbon undergrowth on research area ranged from 1.470 to 1.752ton C. ha-1.

THE EFFECT OF PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE APPLICATION ON DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF SOIL ARTHROPODS IN THE CORN FIELD Anggraeni, Tjandra; Taufikurahman, T; Meilisa, M; Setiawati, Yeyet; Fadilla, Isma; Suryati, Asih
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol 2, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

We investigated the effect of paraquat dichloride herbicide application on diversity and abundance of soil arthropods in a corn field. In addition to control (0 mL/L), four concentrations of paraquat dichloride were applied i.e. 3.33 mL / L, 4 mL / L, 4.66 mL / L and 5.33 mL / L. Sampling was carried out four times, namely at T0 (before tillage), T1 (after tillage), T2 (after spraying herbicides), and T3 (before harvesting) using a pitfall trap method. Soil arthropod samples were identified to the family level. The total number of individuals was then analyzed to obtain species richness, species dominance index, species diversity index and similarity index of Sorensen. The result showed that paraquat dichloride did not give any significant effect (p>0.05) on the number of individuals, species richness, species dominance index, diversity index and Sorensen similarity index of soil arthropods. The composition of soil arthropods in the control and in the treatment with the highest concentration shows a high level of similarity.

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Contact Name Dr. Nuri Nurlaila Setiawan

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Editorial Address Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati, Institut Teknologi Bandung Labtek XI, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 West Java - Indonesia

Location Kota bandung, Jawa barat INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Dr. Nuri Nurlaila Setiawan

Contact Email
editor3bio@sith.itb.ac.id

Phone
+62222511575

Journal Mail Official
support3bio@sith.itb.ac.id

Editorial Address
Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati, Institut Teknologi Bandung Labtek XI, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 West Java - Indonesia

Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA